As an orthopedic surgeon, one of the most common and rewarding procedures performed today is knee replacement surgery. Over the past few decades, this operation has evolved remarkably, giving countless people the ability to walk, climb stairs, and lead active lives again without persistent knee pain.
Understanding Knee Arthritis
The knee is a complex hinge joint. With age or conditions like osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, the smooth cartilage cushioning the bones wears away. This leads to:
- Bone rubbing against bone
- Pain and stiffness
- Reduced mobility
It compromises the quality of life as travel and daily walks become difficult. Painkiller dependence increases even with household ambulation and activities of daily living. Lesser mobility leads to weight gain and worsening of comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, and depression.
When medications, physiotherapy, and lifestyle modifications no longer bring relief, knee replacement becomes a viable and effective solution.
What Happens During Surgery?
In simple terms, Total Knee Arthroplasty involves removing the damaged surfaces of the knee joint and replacing them with artificial components made of chrome cobalt titanium alloys or oxinium and special medical-grade highly cross-linked polyethylene.
These implants replicate the natural motion of the knee, allowing smooth, pain-free movement. Depending on the extent of damage, surgeons may perform:
- Total Replacement: For both joint surfaces.
- Partial Replacement: If only one part of the joint is affected, salvaging the natural half joint.
Modern surgical techniques, including computer navigation and robotic assistance, have significantly improved precision, ensuring better alignment, faster recovery, and longer implant life.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Early Mobility
Most patients begin standing and walking with assistance within a day after surgery. Early movement is encouraged to prevent stiffness and blood clots.
Timeline
Walking aids like a walker are used for 2 weeks, followed by a walking stick for another 2 weeks. By 6–8 weeks, many can carry out daily tasks independently.
Adherence to physiotherapy is crucial. Surgery only fixes the structural problem—the real success depends on rehabilitation.
Longevity and Lifestyle After Surgery
Modern knee implants can last 15–20 years, sometimes longer, depending on activity level and body weight. Low-impact exercises such as walking, cycling, or swimming are encouraged.
Patients often describe the results as life-changing. The ability to move without pain, enjoy outdoor walks, and sleep through the night without discomfort makes a remarkable difference physically and mentally.
Final Thoughts
Knee replacement surgery is not merely a mechanical procedure—it’s a journey toward regaining mobility and independence. With proper planning, skilled execution, and committed rehabilitation, knee replacement can truly give people their lives back.
Dr. Abhay Chopra
Consultant Orthopedic Surgery
HealthMaxx Hospital, Mohali, Punjab
