Pregnancy is a beautiful journey filled with excitement. But it also brings changes, including how your body processes sugar. One such change can lead to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). The good news? With proper care, most women deliver healthy babies.
What is Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy when the body cannot make enough insulin—the hormone that controls blood sugar. It usually appears in the second or third trimester and often goes away after delivery. However, it needs close monitoring and treatment to keep both mother and baby safe.
Who is at Risk?
Any pregnant woman can develop GDM, but the risk increases if you:
- Have a family history of diabetes
- Are overweight or gained excess weight during pregnancy
- Had GDM in a previous pregnancy
- Delivered a baby over 4 kg in the past
- Have PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)
How is GDM Diagnosed?
The most common test is the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). It involves checking your blood sugar levels after drinking a glucose solution to see how your body handles sugar. Regular monitoring is essential once GDM is diagnosed.
Managing GDM: Step by Step
1. Balanced Diet
- Eat small, frequent meals every 2–3 hours.
- Include whole grains, vegetables, proteins, and fiber-rich foods.
- Avoid sugary drinks, sweets, and refined flour products.
2. Regular Physical Activity
Simple exercises like brisk walking, prenatal yoga, or light stretching help control blood sugar—but only after consulting your doctor.
3. Blood Sugar Monitoring
Checking your glucose levels regularly helps you and your doctor adjust your diet, activity, or medications as needed.
4. Medication (If Required)
If diet and exercise aren’t enough, insulin therapy may be prescribed. It’s safe in pregnancy and doesn’t harm your baby.
Effects on Mother and Baby
With good control, most women have normal pregnancies and healthy babies. If not managed well, GDM may increase the risk of:
- Larger baby size (macrosomia)
- Premature delivery
- Low blood sugar in the newborn
- Higher chance of diabetes later in life (for both mother and child)
After Delivery
Blood sugar usually returns to normal after birth, but it’s important to:
- Check sugar levels 6–12 weeks after delivery
- Maintain a healthy diet and exercise routine
- Get screened every year, as women with past GDM have a higher lifetime risk of Type 2 diabetes
Takeaway
Gestational diabetes may sound scary, but with timely diagnosis, healthy habits, and close medical guidance, you can have a smooth pregnancy and a healthy baby. At HealthMaxx Hospital, we support you through every step—from screening and diet counselling to delivery and postnatal care.
Dr. Richa Jindal
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
HealthMaxx Hospital
