Caries is defined as a microbial disease of the calcified tissue that leads to demineralization of the inorganic components and the subsequent breakdown of the organic moieties of enamel and dentin.
Causes of Dental Caries
Several factors contribute to the development of tooth decay:
- Poor oral hygiene
- Frequent consumption of sugary and acidic foods
- Inadequate fluoride exposure
- Dry mouth (Xerostomia)
Progression of Dental Caries
The Culprit: Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mutans are Gram-positive bacteria that reside in the human mouth and, more specifically, in the multispecies biofilms on the surfaces of teeth. They play a major role in tooth decay by metabolizing sucrose to lactic acid.
Common Symptoms
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the severity of the decay:
Early Stages
When decay is small and confined to the superficial layers, remineralization techniques such as fluoride therapy may be sufficient to stop further damage.
Advanced Stages
Where caries have progressed to deeper structures of the tooth, more extensive treatment is required, such as:
- • Tooth-colored fillings
- • Root canal therapy
- • Dental crowns
